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Catabolism refers to the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds in the metabolism of an organism. This process plays a central role in the metabolic system, as it releases energy that the body needs for various functions. During catabolism, large molecules such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates are broken down into their basic building blocks.
Proteins are broken down into amino acids, for example, which the body can then use to synthesize new proteins or to generate energy. Catabolism stands in contrast to anabolism, the formation of complex molecules from simpler precursors. Together they form the basis of metabolism, which comprises all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms in order to maintain vital functions, grow and reproduce.
Related terms: Anabolism
