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Hyperpigmentation is a dermatological term that describes a darkening of the skin or nails. This discoloration results from an increased production of melanin, the pigment that gives the skin, hair and eyes their color. Various factors can trigger hyperpigmentation, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, certain medications, inflammatory processes and skin injuries such as cuts or acne.
Sun exposure is one of the most common causes of hyperpigmentation, as UV light can stimulate melanin production, which in turn leads to uneven skin tone. Hormonal influences, such as those that can occur during pregnancy or when taking contraceptives, also contribute to the development of certain forms of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma.
Consistent sun protection is crucial to prevent hyperpigmentation. Applying sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing and limiting time in direct sunlight can reduce the risk. In addition, topical treatments with ingredients such as vitamin C, retinoids or azelaic acid can help to lighten existing pigmentation.
However, it is important to exercise caution when using such products and possibly use them under the guidance of a dermatologist, as improper use can irritate the skin and worsen pigmentation. In some cases, professional dermatological treatments such as chemical peels, laser therapy or microdermabrasion can also be useful to reduce or remove hyperpigmentation. Regardless of the method chosen, it is important to understand and address the underlying causes of hyperpigmentation in order to achieve long-term results and minimize the appearance of new pigmentation spots.
Related terms: Hypopigmentation
