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Metabolism refers to all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms in order to enable vital functions such as growth, reproduction, maintenance of structures and reaction to the environment. These biochemical processes are essential for survival and are fundamentally divided into two main categories: Catabolism and Anabolism.
Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to produce energy. Larger, more complex molecules such as polysaccharides, fats and proteins are broken down into smaller units such as glucose, fatty acids and amino acids. This process releases energy that the body can use for various functions, including heat production and as a drive for anabolic processes.
Anabolism refers to the synthesis of molecules and requires energy. In these processes, simple molecules are used to synthesize more complex structures such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. These building blocks are necessary for cell growth, repair and reproduction.
Metabolism also involves the regulation of these processes to ensure that the right substances are available at the right time and in the right amounts to meet the needs of the organism. Various hormones and enzymes play a key role in controlling metabolism by influencing the rate (or kinetics) of metabolic reactions.
The efficiency and functioning of metabolism can be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, age, gender, diet, physical activity and environmental factors. Metabolic disorders can lead to various diseases, including diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria.
Related terms: Anabolism / Catabolism
