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Scarring alopecia, also known as cicatricial alopecia, is a form of hair loss in which hair follicles are irreparably damaged and replaced by scar tissue, making it impossible for hair to grow back. This differs from other forms of hair loss where the hair can potentially grow back.
The causes of cicatricial alopecia are varied and include inflammatory skin conditions such as lichen planopilaris and discoid lupus erythematosus, infections affecting the hair follicles, physical trauma such as burns or other injuries, and certain medical treatments such as radiation therapy. Symptoms vary, but may include redness, swelling, pain or a burning sensation on the scalp, as well as pustules or blisters.
Hair loss typically occurs in clearly defined areas and the scar tissue can sometimes be visible. Diagnosis is based on an examination of the scalp and is often supported by a skin biopsy to confirm scarring and determine the underlying cause. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, stop further hair loss and prevent additional scarring, and may involve anti-inflammatory medication, immunomodulatory therapies or surgery.
Cosmetic solutions such as hair replacement or hair transplants can also be considered to improve the appearance. It is crucial to seek early medical help at the first signs of scarring alopecia to minimize hair loss and slow the spread of scarring.
Related terms: Alopecia
